What is Network protocol?

Network protocols are essentially the language that devices on a network use to communicate with each other. They define the rules and formats for exchanging data, ensuring that information is transmitted accurately and efficiently. Here's a list of some common network protocols and their uses:

Core Network Protocols

• Transmission Control Protocol (TCP): TCP is responsible for ensuring reliable data delivery. It breaks down data into packets, transmits them across the network, and then acknowledges receipt to ensure no packets are lost or corrupted. Think of TCP as a reliable postal service that guarantees delivery of your package.
• Internet Protocol (IP): IP assigns a unique address (IP address) to every device on a network. It acts like the addressing system on envelopes, allowing devices to locate and send data to each other.
• User Datagram Protocol (UDP): UDP prioritizes speed over reliability. It transmits data packets without error checking or retransmission, making it suitable for real-time applications like streaming video or online gaming where a slight delay is tolerable.

Application Layer Protocols

• Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP): HTTP is the foundation of web communication. It defines how web browsers and servers exchange information, enabling us to access websites and interact with web content.
• File Transfer Protocol (FTP): FTP is used for transferring files between devices on a network. It allows you to upload, download, and manage files on remote servers.
• Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP): SMTP is responsible for sending emails. It establishes the connection between email clients and servers to transmit email messages.Post Office Protocol (POP): POP retrieves emails from a mail server to your device. It's like collecting your mail from your mailbox.
• Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP): IMAP allows you to access and manage emails stored on a mail server. You can view, edit, and delete emails directly on the server, similar to how you would manage files on your computer.

Network Management Protocols

• Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP): SNMP is used for monitoring and managing network devices. It allows network administrators to collect information about devices, configure settings, and identify potential problems.
• Domain Name System (DNS): DNS translates human-readable domain names (like [invalid URL removed]) into machine-readable IP addresses. It's like a phone book for the internet, allowing us to access websites by their names instead of memorizing complex IP addresses.
• Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP): DHCP automatically assigns IP addresses to devices on a network. This eliminates the need for manual configuration and ensures devices can connect and communicate effectively.
• Address Resolution Protocol (ARP): ARP maps IP addresses to Media Access Control (MAC) addresses, which is the unique hardware address assigned to network interfaces. It's like looking up a person's name in a directory to find their phone number.